This distinction has crucial implications for antitrust policy, which, I contend, should shift both its analysis and its target of action away from the corporate level and focus instead on the data level. Bitcoin), whereas machine learning fosters centralized communications and the concentration of decision-making (e.g. I argue that blockchain enables platforms that are both decentralized and distributed (e.g. matchmaking services), blockchain has emerged as an alternative technological blueprint.

While prominent platforms typically use machine learning as their core technology to transform inputs (e.g. ), which dominate the global economy in the 21 st century. This proposed distinction has implications for understanding the growth of digital platforms (e.g. Organizations can be distributed without being decentralized (and vice versa), and having multiple management layers directly affects only distribution – not decentralization. I propose distinguishing decentralization, as the dispersion of organizational communications, from distribution, as the dispersion of organizational decision-making. The terms decentralized organization and distributed organization are often used interchangeably, despite describing two distinct phenomena.

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